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Volume 11, Issue-2, June 2026

Memories of Trauma: First Person Narratives from the Partition of India 1947

Publication Type

Journal Article

Publication Year

2026

Author(s)

Dr Indira Banerji

Journal Name

DAATH VOYAGE: An International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in English

Volume, Issue

11(2)

Pagination

65-85

Article type

Paper

DOI

 

Abstract: The watershed event that dramatically changed the political, social and cultural life in South Asia was the Partition of India in 1947 and this created Pakistan. It restructured geopolitics and brought new qualitative socio-political processes, which led to one of the greatest migrations in history. This was then followed by mass displacement, inter-group violence and mass human misery, as the British India was arbitrarily partitioned to form independent India and Pakistan. Division of this kind resulted in the biggest humanitarian crisis of its time that separated communities and families and displaced millions of people. The divide and rule policy by the colonial British created a bloody carnage, which had far reaching effects on identities and lives (Laxmiprasad). The decisions of the top-down politics ruined the commoners and left them with trauma which needed personal re-reflection. A state-centered approach is becoming more and more criticized by historians who are demanding more elaborate accounts that incorporate personal experience. The recent scholarship has seen a tectonic reassessment of Partition, moving beyond a strictly national history, to a group of provincial local and regional histories, which draw our attention to the many-sided and many-minuted impacts on individuals and localities (Khan). This paradigm shift highlights the human price, displacement, permanent loss, and traumatized life that transformed geographic politics of South Asia and its culture. Although political intrigue and geopolitical implications have always dominated the story, we need to know more about the life people live who witnessed the disaster. In particular, the incident caused enormous suffering on the part of Sikhs, Sindhia, Hindus, Punjabis and Bengalis and entailed not only political greed but also the abdication of power that contributed to a plethora of male and female suffering throughout the split and afterwards. The psychological effect of Partition was widespread, not only did it impact the refugees, but also eye witnesses, the perpetrators and aid workers, many of whom suffered permanent psychological health problems, including guilt and frozen emotions. The further complexification of the post-Partition society has been brought about by the intergenerational flow of this trauma, proving that the events of this scale still impact the further generations. It is on this long lasting influence that the revisiting of thePartition in non fictional writings and oral documents becomes very important in having a holistic view of the Partition aftermath particularly since collective memory and storytelling helps in coping and passing of the history to the forthcoming generation as a part of holistic comprehension. This is a reevaluation especially at a time when the population of those who firsthand experienced Partition is on the decline, and their first-hand narrative is thus very important in completeness of the historical event. These narratives are indispensible knowledge of the intricacies of displacement, identity formation and the power of human soul during the hardest time of its life. They add emotional importance and personal interest to writing of history. This paper is aimed at discussing how the reconsideration of Partition on the basis of non-fictional documentaries and oral history helps to make the historical narrative more detailed and more humanized. These are accounts providing an anti-hegemonic view, which tends to dismantle the mainstream nationalistic accounts by preempting subaltern discourses and realities of those who are most victimised. Through heightening the personal accounts, this study will fill in the gap between the macro-perspective of Partition and micro-experience of people who experienced this, which will help give a clearer picture of the long-term impacts of Partition. The methodology also sheds light on gendered nature of trauma of Partition that is often neglected and on complicated identities of the following generations being put back together. Further, the paper will also show how autobiographical first-person narratives are a vital historical and emotional source, which provides insights into the complex interaction between memory, trauma, and narrative. It will reveal how people cope with profound pain by producing coherent narratives, thus making important contributions to the research on memory and trauma by restoring the voices of oppressed communities and focusing on oral history in historical-making. 

Keywords: Migrations frozen macro-perspective gendered oppressed.